The platform accelerates over 700 HPC applications and every major deep learning framework. It’s available everywhere, from desktops to servers to cloud services, delivering both dramatic performance …Get ratings and reviews for the top 11 pest companies in Ottumwa, IA. Helping you find the best pest companies for the job. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home All Projects Featur...Paperspace offers a wide selection of low-cost GPU and CPU instances as well as affordable storage options. Browse pricing. ... A100-80G $ 1.15** / hour. NVIDIA A100 GPU. 90GB RAM. 12 vCPU. Multi-GPU types: 8x. Create. A4000 $ 0.76 / hour. NVIDIA A4000 GPU. 45GB RAM. 8 vCPU. Multi-GPU types: 2x 4x. Create. A6000 $ 1.89The NVIDIA A100 Tensor Core GPU delivers unprecedented acceleration—at every scale—to power the world's highest performing elastic data centers for AI, data analytics, and high-performance computing (HPC) applications. As the engine of the NVIDIA data center platform, A100 provides up to 20X higher performance over the prior NVIDIA Volta ...As the engine of the NVIDIA data center platform, A100 can efficiently scale to thousands of GPUs or, with NVIDIA Multi-Instance GPU (MIG) technology, be partitioned into seven …Paperspace offers a wide selection of low-cost GPU and CPU instances as well as affordable storage options. ... NVIDIA A100 GPU. 90GB RAM. 12 vCPU $ 2.24* / hour. NVIDIA HGX H100 GPU. 256 GB RAM. 20 vCPU. Multi-GPU types: 8x. Create. A100-80G $ 1.15** / hour. NVIDIA A100 GPU. 90GB RAM. 12 vCPU. Multi-GPU types: 8x.Ampere A100 is the flagship product of the NVIDIA data center platform for deep learning, HPC, and graphics. The platform accelerates over 600 HPC applications and every major deep learning framework. It's available everywhere, from desktops to servers to cloud services, delivering both dramatic performance gains and cost …November 16, 2020. SC20— NVIDIA today unveiled the NVIDIA ® A100 80GB GPU — the latest innovation powering the NVIDIA HGX ™ AI supercomputing platform — with twice the memory of its predecessor, …Leadtek NVIDIA A100 80GB. 900-21001-0020-000. Leadtek NVIDIA A100 80GB HBM2, PCIE 4.0, NVLink Bridge Support, Multi Instance GPUs, Passive Cooling. 3 Year/s Warranty. Free Delivery. *Conditions apply: Australia Post Standard delivery only (not available on any Express or Courier options)Jan 16, 2024 · Budget Constraints. The A6000's price tag starts at $1.10 per hour, whereas the A100 GPU cost begins at $2.75 per hour. For budget-sensitive projects, the A6000 delivers exceptional performance per dollar, often presenting a more feasible option. Jun 25, 2023 · Availability. FluidStack - 1 instance, max up to 25 GPUs on our account - instant access. Max A100s avail: 2,500 GPUs (min 1 GPU) Pre-approval requirements: fill out a web form. Pricing: $1.10 per/GPU per/Hour. Runpod - 1 instance - instant access. Max A100s avail instantly: 8 GPUs. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are a part of our daily lives in so many forms! They are everywhere as translation support, spam filters, support engines, chatbots and...You pay for 9.99$ for 100 credit, 50 for 500, a100 on average cost 15 credit/hour, if your credit go lower than 25, they will purchase the next 100 credit for u, so if you forgot to turn off or process take a very long time, welcome to the bill. PsychicSavage.96 GB. 72. 30 TB local per GH200. 400 Gbps per GH200. $5.99 /GH200/hour. 3-12 months. 10 or 20. NVIDIA H100, A100, RTX A6000, Tesla V100, and Quadro RTX 6000 GPU instances. Train the most demanding AI, ML, and Deep Learning models.گزارش. کارت گرافیک Nvidia Tesla A100 40GB. آیا امکان پرداخت در محل در شهر من وجود دارد؟. آخرین تغییر قیمت فروشگاه: ۴ ماه و ۳ روز پیش. ۳۸۰٫۰۰۰٫۰۰۰ تومان. خرید اینترنتی. ★۵ (۳ سال در ترب) گزارش. جی پی یو Nvidia ...Mar 18, 2021 · Today, we are excited to announce the general availability of A2 VMs based on the NVIDIA Ampere A100 Tensor Core GPUs in Compute Engine, enabling customers around the world to run their NVIDIA CUDA-enabled machine learning (ML) and high performance computing (HPC) scale-out and scale-up workloads more efficiently and at a lower cost. NVIDIA A100 80GB CoWoS HBM2 PCIe w/o CEC - 900-21001-0020-100. Graphics Engine: Ampere BUS: PCI-E 4.0 16x Memory size: 80 GB Memory type: HBM2 Stream processors: 6912 Theoretical performance: TFLOP. We can supply these GPU cards directly and with an individual B2B price. Contact us with your inquiry today.This page describes the cost of running a Compute Engine VM instance with any of the following machine types, as well as other VM instance-related pricing. To see the pricing for other Google Cloud products, see the Google Cloud pricing list. Note: This page covers the cost of running a VM instance.The initial price for the DGX A100 Server was $199,000. DGX Station A100 edit. As the successor to the original DGX Station, the DGX Station A100, aims ...Product Description Specifications Files & Datasheets Product/Installation Enquiry Reviews. The Elster A100C is housed in an extremely compact case. The meter offers one or two rates and can be used for import only or import/export for domestic small scale generation sites. The Elster A100C can be a simple import meter or for import/export ...If you prefer a desktop feed reader to a web-based one, FeedDemon—our favorite RSS reader for Windows—has just made all its pro features free, including article prefetching, newspa...This performance increase will enable customers to see up to 40 percent lower training costs. P5 instances provide 8 x NVIDIA H100 Tensor Core GPUs with 640 GB of high bandwidth GPU memory, 3rd Gen AMD EPYC processors, ... vs.A100 FP16: FP16 TFLOPS per Server: 2,496: 8,000: GPU Memory: 40 GB: 80 GB: 2x: GPU Memory …. The technical specifications provided above offer a snapshot of the key differences between the L4 Graphics Processor and the A100 PCIe Graphics Processor …The World’s First AI System Built on NVIDIA A100 NVIDIA DGX™ A100 is the universal system which is used by businesses for all AI workloads, offering unprecedented compute density, performance, and flexibility in the world’s first 5 petaFLOPS AI system. This solution can help your business not only survive but …You can find the hourly pricing for all available instances for 🤗 Inference Endpoints, and examples of how costs are calculated below. While the prices are shown by the hour, ... NVIDIA A100: aws: 4xlarge: $26.00: 4: 320GB: NVIDIA A100: aws: 8xlarge: $45.00: 8: 640GB: NVIDIA A100: Pricing examples.گزارش. کارت گرافیک Nvidia Tesla A100 40GB. آیا امکان پرداخت در محل در شهر من وجود دارد؟. آخرین تغییر قیمت فروشگاه: ۴ ماه و ۳ روز پیش. ۳۸۰٫۰۰۰٫۰۰۰ تومان. خرید اینترنتی. ★۵ (۳ سال در ترب) گزارش. جی پی یو Nvidia ...5120 bit. The A100 PCIe 80 GB is a professional graphics card by NVIDIA, launched on June 28th, 2021. Built on the 7 nm process, and based on the GA100 graphics processor, the card does not support DirectX. Since A100 PCIe 80 GB does not support DirectX 11 or DirectX 12, it might not be able to run all the latest games.You can take them off before you come in, but it's probably fine if you don't. It’s customary in countries around the world to remove your shoes before coming into the house. Some ...Memory: The H100 SXM has a HBM3 memory that provides nearly a 2x bandwidth increase over the A100. The H100 SXM5 GPU is the world’s first GPU with HBM3 memory delivering 3+ TB/sec of memory bandwidth. Both the A100 and the H100 have up to 80GB of GPU memory. NVLink: The fourth-generation …Samsung overtook Apple to secure the top spot in smartphone shipment volumes during the first quarter of 2023. Samsung overtook Apple through a slender 1% lead to secure the top sp...The platform accelerates over 700 HPC applications and every major deep learning framework. It’s available everywhere, from desktops to servers to cloud services, delivering both dramatic performance gains and cost-saving opportunities. HELP. Buy from Scan - PNY NVIDIA A100 80GB HBM2 Graphics Card, 6912 Cores, …Machine learning and HPC applications can never get too much compute performance at a good price. Today, we’re excited to introduce the Accelerator-Optimized VM (A2) family on Google Compute Engine, based on the NVIDIA Ampere A100 Tensor Core GPU.With up to 16 GPUs in a single VM, A2 … For trusted performance at a great value. An impressive track record speaks for itself. A-100 is a reliable performer. The upfront costs of the L4 are the most budget-friendly, while the A100 variants are expensive. L4 costs Rs.2,50,000 in India, while the A100 costs Rs.7,00,000 and Rs.11,50,000 respectively for the 40 GB and 80 GB variants. Operating or rental costs can also be considered if opting for cloud GPU service providers like E2E Networks.AWS Modernization Calculator for Microsoft Workloads. Estimate the cost of transforming Microsoft workloads to a modern architecture that uses open source and cloud-native services deployed on AWS.Aug 25, 2023 · The upfront costs of the L4 are the most budget-friendly, while the A100 variants are expensive. L4 costs Rs.2,50,000 in India, while the A100 costs Rs.7,00,000 and Rs.11,50,000 respectively for the 40 GB and 80 GB variants. Operating or rental costs can also be considered if opting for cloud GPU service providers like E2E Networks. The Nvidia A10: A GPU for AI, Graphics, and Video. Nvidia's A10 does not derive from compute-oriented A100 and A30, but is an entirely different product that can be used for graphics, AI inference ...The platform accelerates over 700 HPC applications and every major deep learning framework. It’s available everywhere, from desktops to servers to cloud services, delivering both dramatic performance …Amazon EC2 G4ad instances. G4ad instances, powered by AMD Radeon Pro V520 GPUs, provide the best price performance for graphics intensive applications in the cloud. These instances offer up to 45% better price performance compared to G4dn instances, which were already the lowest cost instances in the cloud, for graphics applications such as ...Subscriptions for NVIDIA DGX Station A100 are available starting at a list price of $9,000 per month. Register for free to learn more about DGX systems during GTC21, taking place online April 12-16. Tune in to watch NVIDIA founder and CEO Jensen Huang’s GTC21 keynote address streaming live on April 12 starting …Find the perfect balance of performance and cost for your AI and cloud computing needs. Tailored plans for ... AI, and HPC workloads. With its advanced architecture and large memory capacity, the A100 40GB can accelerate a wide range of compute-intensive applications, including training and inference for natural language processing ...Cable TV is insanely expensive, and with all the cheap video services out there, it's easy to cut the cord without losing your favorite shows. Here are some of our favorite tips an...The Insider Trading Activity of SPECTER ERIC M on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksThe Azure pricing calculator helps you turn anticipated usage into an estimated cost, which makes it easier to plan and budget for your Azure usage. Whether you're a small business owner or an enterprise-level organization, the web-based tool helps you make informed decisions about your cloud spending. When you log in, the calculator …High-speed filesystem for GPU instances. Create filesystems in Lambda On-Demand Cloud to persist files and data with your compute. Scalable performance: Adapts to growing storage needs without compromising speed. Cost-efficient: Only pay for the storage you use, optimizing budget allocation. No limitations: No ingress, no egress and no hard ...May 14, 2020 · “NVIDIA A100 GPU is a 20x AI performance leap and an end-to-end machine learning accelerator — from data analytics to training to inference. For the first time, scale-up and scale-out workloads can be accelerated on one platform. NVIDIA A100 will simultaneously boost throughput and drive down the cost of data centers.” September 25, 2023 by GEGCalculators. The cost of commercial electrical installation can vary widely depending on factors like location and project complexity. On average, you might expect to pay between $3,000 to $15,000 or more for a typical small to medium-sized commercial project. However, larger and more complex installations can cost ... Azure outcompetes AWS and GCP when it comes to variety of GPU offerings although all three are equivalent at the top end with 8-way V100 and A100 configurations that are almost identical in price. One unexpected place where Azure shines is with pricing transparency for GPU cloud instances. 5120 bit. The A100 PCIe 80 GB is a professional graphics card by NVIDIA, launched on June 28th, 2021. Built on the 7 nm process, and based on the GA100 graphics processor, the card does not support DirectX. Since A100 PCIe 80 GB does not support DirectX 11 or DirectX 12, it might not be able to run all the latest games.The NVIDIA A100 Tensor Core GPU delivers unprecedented acceleration—at every scale—to power the world's highest performing elastic data centers for AI, data analytics, and high-performance computing (HPC) applications. As the engine of the NVIDIA data center platform, A100 provides up to 20X higher performance over the prior NVIDIA Volta ...Price: $12,000.00. Free shipping. Est. delivery Fri, Mar 15 - Fri, Mar 22 Estimated delivery Fri, Mar 15 - Fri, Mar 22. Returns: 30 days returns. ... item 2 NVIDIA Tesla a100 Amp GPU accelerometer 40GB graphics card deep learning AI 250w NVIDIA Tesla a100 Amp GPU accelerometer 40GB graphics card deep learning AI 250w. $12,800.00.PNY NVIDIA A100 80GB kopen? Vergelijk de shops met de beste prijzen op Tweakers. Wacht je op een prijsdaling? Stel een alert in.I’ve had an A100 for 2 days, a V100 for 5 days, and all other days were P100s. Even at $0.54 / hr for an A100 (which I was unable to find on vast.ai… [actually, for a p100 the best deal I could find was $1.65/hr…]) my 2 days of A100 usage would have cost over 50% of my total monthly colab pro+ bill.By Shawn Coomer | Freedompop Free Modem Offer - Find out the details of the free modem offer & learn how to avoid any and all charges for the service. Increased Offer! Hilton No An...That costs $11 million, and it would require 25 racks of servers and 630 kilowatts of power. With Ampere, Nvidia can do the same amount of processing for $1 million, a single server rack, and 28...High-speed filesystem for GPU instances. Create filesystems in Lambda On-Demand Cloud to persist files and data with your compute. Scalable performance: Adapts to growing storage needs without compromising speed. Cost-efficient: Only pay for the storage you use, optimizing budget allocation. No limitations: No ingress, no egress and no hard ...26 May 2023 ... Price and Availability. While the A100 is priced in a higher range, its superior performance and capabilities may make it worth the investment ...NVIDIA A100 Tensor Core GPU delivers unprecedented acceleration at every scale to power the world’s highest-performing elastic data centers for AI, data analytics, and …A100. Course Type. Undergraduate, Single Honours. Fees. Annual tuition fees for 2024/25: £9,250 (UK) £30,330 (International - pre-clinical years 1 and 2) £48,660 (International - clinical years 3, 4 and 5) More details on fees and funding. A100. A2. A10. A16. A30. A40. All GPUs* Test Drive. ... The DGX platform provides a clear, predictable cost model for AI infrastructure. AI Across Industries With DGX Buy NVIDIA 900-21001-0020-100 Graphics Processing Unit GPU A100 80GB HBM2e Memory 2X Slot PCIe 4.0 x16 GPU Card: Graphics Cards - Amazon.com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases ... Found a lower price? Let us know. Although we can't match every price reported, we'll use your feedback to ensure that our prices … View: 36. NVIDIA A100 900-21001-0000-000 40GB 5120-bit HBM2 PCI Express 4.0 x16 FHFL Workstation Video Card. $ 9,023.10 (2 Offers) Free Shipping. High Performance Tech StoreVisit Store. Compare. Refurbished nVIDIA Ampere A100 40GB SXM4 Graphics Accelerator Tensor GPU 699-2G506-0201-100. $ 6,199.00. $21.00 Shipping. The NDm A100 v4 series virtual machine (VM) is a new flagship addition to the Azure GPU family. It's designed for high-end Deep Learning training and tightly coupled scale-up and scale-out HPC workloads. The NDm A100 v4 series starts with a single VM and eight NVIDIA Ampere A100 80GB Tensor Core GPUs. NDm A100 v4-based deployments …Jan 16, 2024 · Budget Constraints. The A6000's price tag starts at $1.10 per hour, whereas the A100 GPU cost begins at $2.75 per hour. For budget-sensitive projects, the A6000 delivers exceptional performance per dollar, often presenting a more feasible option. Leadtek NVIDIA A100 80GB. 900-21001-0020-000. Leadtek NVIDIA A100 80GB HBM2, PCIE 4.0, NVLink Bridge Support, Multi Instance GPUs, Passive Cooling. 3 Year/s Warranty. Free Delivery. *Conditions apply: Australia Post Standard delivery only (not available on any Express or Courier options)It has a total cost of around $10,424 for a large volume buyer, including ~$700 of margin for the original device maker. Memory is nearly 40% of the cost of the server with 512GB per socket, 1TB total. There are other bits and pieces of memory around the server, including on the NIC, BMC, management NIC, etc, but those are very …With its new P4d instance generally available today, AWS is paving the way for another bold decade of accelerated computing powered with the latest NVIDIA A100 Tensor Core GPU. The P4d instance delivers AWS’s highest performance, most cost-effective GPU-based platform for machine learning …Increased Offer! Hilton No Annual Fee 70K + Free Night Cert Offer! On this week’s MtM Vegas we have so much to talk about including a big shakeup at the two year old Virgin Hotels....May 14, 2020 · The company said that each DGX A100 system has eight Nvidia A100 Tensor Core graphics processing units (GPUs), delivering 5 petaflops of AI power, with 320GB in total GPU memory and 12.4TB per ... 30 Dec 2022 ... It's one of the world's fastest deep learning GPUs and a single A100 costs somewhere around $15,000. ... So, what does it cost to spin up an A100- ...These costs can vary depending on the size and complexity of the model, as well as the hosting provider used. Operational overhead cost: Operating a large …Product Description Specifications Files & Datasheets Product/Installation Enquiry Reviews. The Elster A100C is housed in an extremely compact case. The meter offers one or two rates and can be used for import only or import/export for domestic small scale generation sites. The Elster A100C can be a simple import meter or for import/export ...The NVIDIA® A100 Tensor Core GPU delivers unprecedented acceleration at every scale for AI data analytics, and high-performance computing (HPC) to tackle the world's toughest computing challenges. Item #: AOC-GPU-NVTA100-40. Stock Availability: 7 In Stock. The NVIDIA® A100 GPU is a dual-slot 10.5 inch PCI …... A100. I would really appreciate your help. Thank you. anon7678104 March 10, ... cost… then think how close you can get with gaming grade parts… for way ...The A100 and the MI200 are not just two different accelerators that compete head to head, but two families of devices that have their own varying feeds, speeds, slots, watts, and prices. ... Assuming about a $5,000 a pop price tag for the custom 64-core “Rome” processor in Frontier, and assuming that 20 percent of …A100. Course Type. Undergraduate, Single Honours. Fees. Annual tuition fees for 2024/25: £9,250 (UK) £30,330 (International - pre-clinical years 1 and 2) £48,660 (International - clinical years 3, 4 and 5) More details on fees and funding.Pricing: $1.10 per/GPU per/Hour. Runpod - 1 instance - instant access. Max A100s avail instantly: 8 GPUs. Pre-approval requirements for getting more than 8x …Nov 2, 2020 · With its new P4d instance generally available today, AWS is paving the way for another bold decade of accelerated computing powered with the latest NVIDIA A100 Tensor Core GPU. The P4d instance delivers AWS’s highest performance, most cost-effective GPU-based platform for machine learning training and high performance computing applications. The A100 80GB GPU doubles the high-bandwidth memory from 40 GB (HBM) to 80GB (HBM2e) and increases GPU memory bandwidth 30 percent over the A100 40 GB GPU to be the world's first with over 2 terabytes per second (TB/s). DGX A100 also debuts the third generation of NVIDIA® NVLink®, which doubles the GPU-to …This additional memory does come at a cost, however: power consumption. For the 80GB A100 NVIDIA has needed to dial things up to 300W to accommodate the higher power consumption of the denser ...Samsung overtook Apple to secure the top spot in smartphone shipment volumes during the first quarter of 2023. Samsung overtook Apple through a slender 1% lead to secure the top sp...There are still some things in life that are free. Millennial money expert Stefanie O'Connell directs you to them. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotio...NVIDIA A100 Tensor Core GPU delivers unprecedented acceleration at every scale to power the world’s highest-performing elastic data centers for AI, data analytics, and …That costs $11 million, and it would require 25 racks of servers and 630 kilowatts of power. With Ampere, Nvidia can do the same amount of processing for $1 million, a single server rack, and 28...Scottsdale, Arizona, June 10, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Sibannac, Inc. (OTC Pink: SNNC), a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), announced the foll... Scottsdale, Arizona, June 10, ...Introducing the new NC A100 v4 series virtual machine, now generally available. We are excited to announce that Azure NC A100 v4 series virtual machines are now generally available. These VMs, powered by NVIDIA A100 80GB PCIe Tensor Core GPUs and 3rd Gen AMD EPYC™ processors, improve the … NVIDIA A100 Tensor Core GPU delivers unprecedented acceleration at every scale to power the world’s highest-performing elastic data centers for AI, data analytics, and HPC. Powered by the NVIDIA Ampere Architecture, A100 is the engine of the NVIDIA data center platform. A100 provides up to 20X higher performance over the prior generation and ...
You can buy one today for $12,500. The Nvidia A100 Ampere PCIe card is on sale right now in the UK, and isn't priced that differently from its Volta brethren. Forget all the Nvidia Ampere gaming .... E wallet
The NVIDIA A100 Tensor Core GPU delivers unprecedented acceleration—at every scale—to power the world’s highest- performing elastic data centers for AI, data …Daftar Harga Nvidia A100 Terbaru; Maret 2024; Harga NVIDIA A100 Tensor Core GPU Ampere Architecture. Rp99.714.286. Harga nvidia tesla A100. Rp100.000.000. Harga Gigabyte GPU Server Gen 4 AMD AI NVIDIA H100 A100 A40 A30 A16 A10 A2. Rp100.000.000. Harga Bykski N-TESLA-A100-X,GPU Water Block For …SeniorsMobility provides the best information to seniors on how they can stay active, fit, and healthy. We provide resources such as exercises for seniors, where to get mobility ai...Pricing: $1.10 per/GPU per/Hour. Runpod - 1 instance - instant access. Max A100s avail instantly: 8 GPUs. Pre-approval requirements for getting more than 8x …Alaska, Frontier, Silver Airways and Spirit have eliminated their routes altogether. JetBlue, the first airline to operate commercial service between the US and Cuba, is expanding ...16 Jan 2024. NVIDIA A6000 VS A100 ACROSS VARIOUS WORKLOADS: EVALUATING PERFORMANCE AND COST-EFFICIENCY. Data Scientists, Financial Analysts and … Databricks Inc. 160 Spear Street, 13th Floor San Francisco, CA 94105 1-866-330-0121 Product Description Specifications Files & Datasheets Product/Installation Enquiry Reviews. The Elster A100C is housed in an extremely compact case. The meter offers one or two rates and can be used for import only or import/export for domestic small scale generation sites. The Elster A100C can be a simple import meter or for import/export ... “NVIDIA A100 GPU is a 20x AI performance leap and an end-to-end machine learning accelerator — from data analytics to training to inference. For the first time, scale-up and scale-out workloads can be accelerated on one platform. NVIDIA A100 will simultaneously boost throughput and drive down the cost of data centers.” The NC A100 v4 series virtual machine (VM) is a new addition to the Azure GPU family. You can use this series for real-world Azure Applied AI training and batch inference workloads. The NC A100 v4 series is powered by NVIDIA A100 PCIe GPU and third generation AMD EPYC™ 7V13 (Milan) processors. The VMs feature up to 4 NVIDIA …After major EU privacy enforcement hit Meta's tracking ads business earlier this year, the tech giant has confirmed it will be changing the legal basis for microtargeting users in ...The NDm A100 v4 series virtual machine (VM) is a new flagship addition to the Azure GPU family. It's designed for high-end Deep Learning training and tightly coupled scale-up and scale-out HPC workloads. The NDm A100 v4 series starts with a single VM and eight NVIDIA Ampere A100 80GB Tensor Core GPUs. NDm A100 v4-based deployments …Get ratings and reviews for the top 12 lawn companies in Calimesa, CA. Helping you find the best lawn companies for the job. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home All Projects Featu...Understand pricing for your cloud solution. Request a pricing quote. Get free cloud services and a $200 credit to explore Azure for 30 days. Try Azure for free. Added to estimate. View on calculator. Chat with Sales. Azure offers many pricing options for Linux Virtual Machines. Choose from many different licensing categories to get started..